THE ROLE OF TRIBUNALS AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION CENTRES IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN NIGERIA
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ABSTRACT
The judicial powers of the Federation and of States are vested in courts established by section 6 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended) and other courts established for the Federation by an Act of the National Assembly or in case of states, law made by the relevant State House of Assembly. The judicial powers gradually, due influx and consequential protraction of cases, had to be shared with emerging tribunals established for particular purposes. This development consequently brought about a dual parallel system of adjudicating institutions operating side by side. Multiplicity and increase in litigations which generated into incessant undue protraction of cases in courts has posed an imminent threat to breakdown of law and order that may ultimately lead to anarchy in the society. Under this compelling situation, an alternative means to decongest the courts became absolutely inevitable. Nigeria resorted to, inter alia, benchmarking the British experience to establish tribunals to handle some specific cases requiring more expeditious determination like election petitions, breach of code of conduct by public office holders, capital market cases, etc. Election tribunals stand unique in the administration of justice in Nigeria. Both the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) and the successive Electoral Acts 2002, 2006 and 2010 have all provided for a fast tracking procedure to ensure prompt disposal of election petitions and appeals due to their sui generis nature. A thorough appraisal of election cases has been done right from first instance tribunals to appellate tribunals. The time-honoured tradition of the Nigerian people of dispute resolution also enjoys formal patronage by establishing dispute resolution centres like the Lagos Multi-door Court House and the Abuja Multi-door Court House by the Negotiation and Conflict Management Group (NCMG), etc. All hands have, since the formal establishment of various resolution centres, been on deck to resolve most disputes by providing the much needed prompt, easy and friendly resolution of disputes. The various aspects of alternative dispute resolution have been examined and the several advantages of the alternative system of administration of justice identified. The problems and difficulties that cause hiccups have been discussed and solutions proffered. The common problem running through the operation of every tribunal is delay in the trial proceedings. This work aims principally at evolving ways of minimising delays in disposal of cases in tribunals and dispute resolution centres and at the same time enhancing the quality of adjudication as a tool for decongesting the courts in order to promote peaceful and more harmonious co-existence amongst the Nigerian people.
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